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Rare earths
OpinionChina Opinion
David Dodwell

Outside In | Trump may be realising he has less leverage over China than he thought

The past week has provided a rare insight into the fudging and bullying that goes on behind the closed doors of high-stakes trade talks

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Officials led by US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent (second from left), US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer (third from left), Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng (second from right) and Chinese trade negotiator Li Chenggang (right) meet to discuss trade in Madrid on September 14. Photo: United States Treasury/Reuters

When did you last notice that laptops invariably carry a little “Intel inside” sticker? Aware that its microprocessors were important but invisible, Intel thought it was essential marketing to alert the world to their existence at the heart of every computer.

Perhaps every computer today should carry another prominent sticker: “Rare earth elements inside”. So too electric vehicles, wind turbines, drones, jet engines, radar systems, smart bombs and Tomahawk missiles. Not to mention everyday items ranging from microwaves to smartphone earbuds.

Andrew Chan, executive director of the Malaysian Semiconductor Industry Association, calls the 17 largely unpronounceable rare earth elements – which are in fact not rare, just hell on earth to process – the “hidden backbone” of modern technology and a “geopolitical instrument shaping the future of energy, AI and defense”.

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Until a sudden rumpus last week in the US-China trade negotiations, few knew much about rare earths, their importance and the extent of China’s stranglehold on them. Of those who did know, few might have recognised that rare earths could pull the rug out from under US President Donald Trump’s disruptive tariff war, or that Chinese threats to restrict exports could hobble America’s upper hand in reining back China and even fundamentally threaten US defence industries and national security.

After Trump’s unilateral imposition in April of punitive tariffs on friends and enemies alike, four rounds of US-China trade negotiations appeared to have been carefully choreographed to lead to a deal-making meeting between Chinese President Xi Jinping and Trump at the end of October on the sidelines of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in South Korea.
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Whether the Xi-Trump meeting will go ahead is now open to question, but the setback that led China to threaten to curb the export of rare earth elements for hi-tech, dual-use and defence industries abroad has provided a rare and rather unflattering insight into the fudging, bullying and bluster that goes on behind the closed doors of high-stakes negotiations like the China-US trade talks.

08:58

What are rare earths, and why is China’s dominance facing global pushback

What are rare earths, and why is China’s dominance facing global pushback
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