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Malaysia
This Week in AsiaOpinion
Lee Hwok-Aun

Asian Angle | Malaysia’s 13th plan offers pocket-sized reforms for a middle-income quagmire

With a focus on economic complexity and social mobility, the 13th Malaysia Plan aims to address decades of underperformance and stagnation

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People take photos of fireworks near the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur in celebration of Malaysia’s 68th anniversary of independence on August 31. Photo: Xinhua
Development plans are rarely page-turners. But Malaysia’s latest, covering the years 2026 to 2030, carries unusual weight. Compact and rooted in two simple yet powerful concepts, it may prove consequential for the country’s progress.

The 13th Malaysia Plan, launched under the striking mission of “redesigning development”, extends a planning tradition that is now seven decades old but continues to anchor the nation’s development strategy and public investment.

The plan seeks to answer two enduring questions: how can Malaysia climb the value chain and how can more Malaysians share in its gains?

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These challenges are not new. For half a century, Malaysian policymakers have spoken of climbing the ladder of productivity and technology. Today, officials frame the ambition in new-fangled terms – “economic complexity” and “social mobility” – but the underlying mission is pretty much the same.

Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim and his government have spent the past two years articulating its vision of a “Madani economy”. Photo: AP
Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim and his government have spent the past two years articulating its vision of a “Madani economy”. Photo: AP
The development planning cycle is not synchronised with the election cycle; some governments in the past were compelled to launch a plan they merely inherited. But the timing of this one is rather propitious. Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim’s administration, in power since November 2022, has had both time and political space to shape it. The government has spent two years articulating its vision of the “Madani economy” and the plan is intended as its real-world embodiment.
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